PAPER :-2 JONATHAN SHIFT AS SATIRISTS.
To evaluate my assignment click here
NAME:- NIYATIBEN A.PATHAK
COURSE:-M.A.(ENGLISH)
SEM:-1
BATCH:-2017-2019
ROLL NO :- 31
ENROLLMENT NO:-2069108420180042
SUBMITTED TO:-DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH MKBU.
E-MAIL ID :- napathak02@gmail.com
PAPER NO:-2
TOPIC:-JONATHAN SWIFT
◆ INTRODUCTION:-
★ SATIRE:-
"Tomorrow is a satire on today, and shows it's weakness.".
- EDWARD YOUNG.
Satire is primarily a literary genre or form , although in practice it can also be found in the graphic and performing arts. In satire vices , follies abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the itent of shaming i dividuals, and society itself into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be funny , its greater purpose is often constructive social Criticism , using wit as a weapon. A common feature of satire is strong irony or sarcasm often -"in satire irony is militant "-but parody, burlesque,exaggeration,juxtaposition,comparison,analogy,and double entendre are all frequently used in satirical speech and writing. This "militant " irony or sarcasm often professes to approve the very things the satire wishes to attack . Satire is nowadays found in many artistic forms of expression, including literature,plays,commentary , and media such as lyrics. The word satire comes from the Latin word satur and the subsequent phrase lanxsatura. Satire meant "full,"but the juxtaposition with land shifted the meaning to "miscellany or medley": the expression lanxsatura literary means "a full dish of various kinds of fruits." The word satura as used by Quintillian however ,indicated a narrower genre than what would be later intended as satire;it denoted only works in strictly hexameter form, which were a distinctly Roman genre.
★A literary technique in which behavior 'S or instructions are ridiculed for the purpose of improving society.
- irony and sarcasm are often used .
=> Ian JOHNSON says,
1. We can force someone to change their ways (through punishment)
2.we can try to persuade them through Strong moral lectures .
3.we can try to find out the root of their behaviour (s) and /or thinking.
4.wecan make them look ridiculous.
If we choose to make the person look foolish and lor ridiculous,
1. Changes will most likely occure
2. Encourage others not to act in that way, or they too will appear ridiculous.
◆IMPORTANCE OF MORALS:-
★writers of satire need to have some sort of basis of "right"and "wrong".
★situations and people are described with clear and vivid language.
Writer wishes to bring attention to a topic issue that is often ignored by society.
◆HUMOR:-
Humour,irony and exaggeration are all used to attention to human faults.
Satire is not malicious
Sophisticated audience.
◆ORIGINS:-
=>Satire originated woh the ancient Greek and later the romans.
=>In the 18th century ,satire was very popular in literature.
" Guardians of the culture."
TWO BASIC TYPES OF SATIRE:-
=>HORATIAN SATIRE:-
PLAYFULLY AMUSING AND SEEK TO CORRECT FOOLINESS WITHGENTL LAUGHTER AND UNDERSTANDING.
=>JUVENALIAN SATIRE:-
A DARKER (OFTEN BITTER KIND OF LAUGHTER CRITICIZES CORRUPTION.
Satire in the 19th century and beyond.
MARK TWAIN:-american satirist.
GEORGE ORWELL:- "ANIMAL FARM"
★ READING SATIRE:-
=>Determine the object of the satire (custom or
Person)
=>Sense of moral beliefs
=>Note irony
★HORATIAN vs. JUVENALIAN
◆Horatian
Named for the roman SATIRIST ,Horace,this playfully criticize some social vice through gentle ,mild,and light -hearted humour . It directs wit, exaggeration,a d self deprecating humour toward what it identifies as folly , rather than evil. Horatian satire's sympathetic tone is common in modern society. Examples of horatian satire:Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's travel, Daniel DEFOE s the True born Englishman, Alexander Pope's The rape of the lock,C.S.Lewis The Screwtape Letters, The Onion, Matt Browning's The Simpsons and the Ig Noble Prizes.
◆Juvelian
Named after the roman satirist Juvenal, this type of satire is more contemptuous and abrasive than the horatian. Juvenalian satire addresses social evil through scorn, outrage, and savage ridicule. This form is often pessimistic, characterized by irony,sarcasm, moral indignation and personal invective, with less emphasis on humour. Examples of juvenalian satire;:joseph Hall's virgi de miarum, samuel Johnson's london, george Orwell's Nighty four and Nikal farm,Bret Easton Ellis's American Psycho,Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451, William Golding's Lord of the Flies,Catch 22.
was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1667, and died in 1745. His parents were English. His father died before he was born, and his mother was supported on a slender pittance by his father's brother. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and all through his early life was dependent on the generosity of others. His college career was not highly creditable, either from the point of view of manners, morals, or learning. After leaving college, he travelled through England on foot, and found employment with a relative of his mother's, Sir William Temple, in whose house was a noble library; and for two years Swift made up for some of his shortcomings by studying diligently therein. He went to Oxford in 1692, took a degree and was ordained in 1694. He was given a parish in Ireland, which he soon resigned, returning to the home of Sir William Temple, where he remained until the death of the latter in 1699.
◆Notable works :-
★A TALE OF TUB
★ Modest proposal
★Letters to sella
Many poems and pamphlets
★GULLIVER'S TRAVELS.
=>HERE WE CAN SEE THE FAMOUS WORK OF SWIFT THAT IS GULLIVER'S TRAVELS ON SATIRICAL TONE . IN GULLIVER TRAVELS IT HAS FOUR PARTS.
●In 1726 Swift's masterpiece "Gulliver's Travels" appeared. His inventive genius and biting satire were at their best in this work, which made a great sensation.
●Gulliver's Travels, a large portion of which Swift wrote at Woodbrook House in County Laois, was published in 1726. It is regarded as his masterpiece. As with his other writings, the Travels was published under a pseudonym, the fictional Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon and later a sea captain. Some of the correspondence between printer Benj. Motte and Gulliver's also-fictional cousin negotiating the book's publication has survived. Though it has often been mistakenly thought of and published in bowdlerized form as a children's book, it is a great and sophisticated satire of human nature based on Swift's experience of his times. Gulliver's Travels is an anatomy of human nature, a sardonic looking-glass, often criticized for its apparent misanthropy. It asks its readers to refute it, to deny that it has adequately characterized human nature and society. Each of the four books—recounting four voyages to mostly-fictional exotic lands—has a different theme, but all are attempts to deflate human pride. Critics hail the work as a satiric reflection on the shortcomings of Enlightenment thought.
1:-VOYAGE OF LILLIPUT :-.
★GULLIVER'S goes out to sea as a ship's surgeon heading to the east and west indians.
★Gulliver washes up on a shore, wakes up tied down by tiny ropes, and is surrounded by 6in.tall people.
★He watches many Lilliputians compete in a jumping contest tow in royal tavor.
★He is accessed to treason for "making water "near the palace and refusing to destroy approaching enemy ship's.
★Gulliver escapes to blefuscu where he finds an old ship, repairs it , and sails back to England.
2:- -VOYAGE OF BROBDINGNAG :-
★After two months ,Gulliver leaves on another -VOYAGE.
★His shipmates see a 60ft. Giant and leave him on the beach.
★Gulliver is found by a former and his taken to his home in BROBDINGNAG.
★Glumdaclitch takes care of him and teaches him the language while her father makes Gulliver perform for money.
★Gulliver is sold to queen .
★He finds himself repulsed by the bodies of the BROBDINGNAG.
★Gulliver talks with king about historical affairs and government in England.
★King conclude that their government is corrupted.
★ Gulliver goes with the royal couple to the frontiers .
★Glumdaclitch falls sicks so a pages takes Gulliver to the beach .
★An eagle picks up Gulliver travel box and drops it into the sea.
★Gulliver is found by english sailors and returned home.
3:- A -VOYAGE TO LAPUTA,BALINIBARBI,LUGGNAG ,GLUBDRUBRIB,AND JAPAN.:-
★Again, Gulliver leaves on voyages .
Pirates attack the ship and send Gulliver off in a chance.
★He finds a circular ,floating island inhabited by "INTELLECTUAL"people.
★Gulliver goes down to the actual and travel through BALINIBARBI to the town of lagao and sees the grand academy .
★He thinks they are in dance so he travels to Maldonada To find a ship to LUGGNAG.
★He takes a sidetrip to GLUBDRUBRIB, a government is a necromancer.
★Gulliver sails to LUGGNAG where he learns of the strulabruggs .(ak a immortals)
★Gulliver travels to Japan and sails back to England.
4 :-A -VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF THE HOYHNHNMS:-
★GULLIVER goes on his last voyages as the captain of his ship.
★After the mutiny of his crew , they heave him on an unknown island.
★Gulliver runs into these beastly humanoid creatures,called YAHOOS ,that attack him .
A horse, or HOYHNHNMS ,shows up and scares them aways.
★Gulliver goes to live with the HOYHNHNMS ,whom he calls master , at his house and tries to hide his resemblance to the YAHOOS .
★He finds that the HOYHNHNMS have no sense of the countries beyond the sea.
★Their society is based solely on reason and ratinally .
★While conversing with his master , Gulliver finds his opinion s being enlightened as he sees himself as a detestable YAHOOS and wishes to be like a rational HOYHNHNMS.
★When seen without his clothes ,the HOYHNHNMS agree that Gulliver must leave .
★Gulliver can not stand to be in the company of "yahoo-kind".
Work sited:-
1:-https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swift
2:-http://www.literature-study-online.com/essays/swift_gay.html
3:-http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/gulliver/
4:-http://study.com/academy/lesson/introduction-to-jonathan-swift-biography-gulliver-and-a-modest-proposal.html
5:-http://study.com/academy/lesson/gullivers-travels-by-jonathan-swift-satire-parody-and-folly.html
6:-http://classic-english-literature.blogspot.in/2008/02/jonathan-swift-and-gullivers-travels.html
7 :-https://schoolworkhelper.net/what-is-satire/
To evaluate my assignment click here
NAME:- NIYATIBEN A.PATHAK
COURSE:-M.A.(ENGLISH)
SEM:-1
BATCH:-2017-2019
ROLL NO :- 31
ENROLLMENT NO:-2069108420180042
SUBMITTED TO:-DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH MKBU.
E-MAIL ID :- napathak02@gmail.com
PAPER NO:-2
TOPIC:-JONATHAN SWIFT
◆ INTRODUCTION:-
★ SATIRE:-
"Tomorrow is a satire on today, and shows it's weakness.".
- EDWARD YOUNG.
Satire is primarily a literary genre or form , although in practice it can also be found in the graphic and performing arts. In satire vices , follies abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the itent of shaming i dividuals, and society itself into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be funny , its greater purpose is often constructive social Criticism , using wit as a weapon. A common feature of satire is strong irony or sarcasm often -"in satire irony is militant "-but parody, burlesque,exaggeration,juxtaposition,comparison,analogy,and double entendre are all frequently used in satirical speech and writing. This "militant " irony or sarcasm often professes to approve the very things the satire wishes to attack . Satire is nowadays found in many artistic forms of expression, including literature,plays,commentary , and media such as lyrics. The word satire comes from the Latin word satur and the subsequent phrase lanxsatura. Satire meant "full,"but the juxtaposition with land shifted the meaning to "miscellany or medley": the expression lanxsatura literary means "a full dish of various kinds of fruits." The word satura as used by Quintillian however ,indicated a narrower genre than what would be later intended as satire;it denoted only works in strictly hexameter form, which were a distinctly Roman genre.
★A literary technique in which behavior 'S or instructions are ridiculed for the purpose of improving society.
- irony and sarcasm are often used .
=> Ian JOHNSON says,
1. We can force someone to change their ways (through punishment)
2.we can try to persuade them through Strong moral lectures .
3.we can try to find out the root of their behaviour (s) and /or thinking.
4.wecan make them look ridiculous.
If we choose to make the person look foolish and lor ridiculous,
1. Changes will most likely occure
2. Encourage others not to act in that way, or they too will appear ridiculous.
◆IMPORTANCE OF MORALS:-
★writers of satire need to have some sort of basis of "right"and "wrong".
★situations and people are described with clear and vivid language.
Writer wishes to bring attention to a topic issue that is often ignored by society.
◆HUMOR:-
Humour,irony and exaggeration are all used to attention to human faults.
Satire is not malicious
Sophisticated audience.
◆ORIGINS:-
=>Satire originated woh the ancient Greek and later the romans.
=>In the 18th century ,satire was very popular in literature.
" Guardians of the culture."
TWO BASIC TYPES OF SATIRE:-
=>HORATIAN SATIRE:-
PLAYFULLY AMUSING AND SEEK TO CORRECT FOOLINESS WITHGENTL LAUGHTER AND UNDERSTANDING.
=>JUVENALIAN SATIRE:-
A DARKER (OFTEN BITTER KIND OF LAUGHTER CRITICIZES CORRUPTION.
Satire in the 19th century and beyond.
MARK TWAIN:-american satirist.
GEORGE ORWELL:- "ANIMAL FARM"
★ READING SATIRE:-
=>Determine the object of the satire (custom or
Person)
=>Sense of moral beliefs
=>Note irony
★HORATIAN vs. JUVENALIAN
◆Horatian
Named for the roman SATIRIST ,Horace,this playfully criticize some social vice through gentle ,mild,and light -hearted humour . It directs wit, exaggeration,a d self deprecating humour toward what it identifies as folly , rather than evil. Horatian satire's sympathetic tone is common in modern society. Examples of horatian satire:Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's travel, Daniel DEFOE s the True born Englishman, Alexander Pope's The rape of the lock,C.S.Lewis The Screwtape Letters, The Onion, Matt Browning's The Simpsons and the Ig Noble Prizes.
◆Juvelian
Named after the roman satirist Juvenal, this type of satire is more contemptuous and abrasive than the horatian. Juvenalian satire addresses social evil through scorn, outrage, and savage ridicule. This form is often pessimistic, characterized by irony,sarcasm, moral indignation and personal invective, with less emphasis on humour. Examples of juvenalian satire;:joseph Hall's virgi de miarum, samuel Johnson's london, george Orwell's Nighty four and Nikal farm,Bret Easton Ellis's American Psycho,Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451, William Golding's Lord of the Flies,Catch 22.
was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1667, and died in 1745. His parents were English. His father died before he was born, and his mother was supported on a slender pittance by his father's brother. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and all through his early life was dependent on the generosity of others. His college career was not highly creditable, either from the point of view of manners, morals, or learning. After leaving college, he travelled through England on foot, and found employment with a relative of his mother's, Sir William Temple, in whose house was a noble library; and for two years Swift made up for some of his shortcomings by studying diligently therein. He went to Oxford in 1692, took a degree and was ordained in 1694. He was given a parish in Ireland, which he soon resigned, returning to the home of Sir William Temple, where he remained until the death of the latter in 1699.
◆Notable works :-
★A TALE OF TUB
★ Modest proposal
★Letters to sella
Many poems and pamphlets
★GULLIVER'S TRAVELS.
=>HERE WE CAN SEE THE FAMOUS WORK OF SWIFT THAT IS GULLIVER'S TRAVELS ON SATIRICAL TONE . IN GULLIVER TRAVELS IT HAS FOUR PARTS.
●In 1726 Swift's masterpiece "Gulliver's Travels" appeared. His inventive genius and biting satire were at their best in this work, which made a great sensation.
●Gulliver's Travels, a large portion of which Swift wrote at Woodbrook House in County Laois, was published in 1726. It is regarded as his masterpiece. As with his other writings, the Travels was published under a pseudonym, the fictional Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon and later a sea captain. Some of the correspondence between printer Benj. Motte and Gulliver's also-fictional cousin negotiating the book's publication has survived. Though it has often been mistakenly thought of and published in bowdlerized form as a children's book, it is a great and sophisticated satire of human nature based on Swift's experience of his times. Gulliver's Travels is an anatomy of human nature, a sardonic looking-glass, often criticized for its apparent misanthropy. It asks its readers to refute it, to deny that it has adequately characterized human nature and society. Each of the four books—recounting four voyages to mostly-fictional exotic lands—has a different theme, but all are attempts to deflate human pride. Critics hail the work as a satiric reflection on the shortcomings of Enlightenment thought.
1:-VOYAGE OF LILLIPUT :-.
★GULLIVER'S goes out to sea as a ship's surgeon heading to the east and west indians.
★Gulliver washes up on a shore, wakes up tied down by tiny ropes, and is surrounded by 6in.tall people.
★He watches many Lilliputians compete in a jumping contest tow in royal tavor.
★He is accessed to treason for "making water "near the palace and refusing to destroy approaching enemy ship's.
★Gulliver escapes to blefuscu where he finds an old ship, repairs it , and sails back to England.
2:- -VOYAGE OF BROBDINGNAG :-
★After two months ,Gulliver leaves on another -VOYAGE.
★His shipmates see a 60ft. Giant and leave him on the beach.
★Gulliver is found by a former and his taken to his home in BROBDINGNAG.
★Glumdaclitch takes care of him and teaches him the language while her father makes Gulliver perform for money.
★Gulliver is sold to queen .
★He finds himself repulsed by the bodies of the BROBDINGNAG.
★Gulliver talks with king about historical affairs and government in England.
★King conclude that their government is corrupted.
★ Gulliver goes with the royal couple to the frontiers .
★Glumdaclitch falls sicks so a pages takes Gulliver to the beach .
★An eagle picks up Gulliver travel box and drops it into the sea.
★Gulliver is found by english sailors and returned home.
3:- A -VOYAGE TO LAPUTA,BALINIBARBI,LUGGNAG ,GLUBDRUBRIB,AND JAPAN.:-
★Again, Gulliver leaves on voyages .
Pirates attack the ship and send Gulliver off in a chance.
★He finds a circular ,floating island inhabited by "INTELLECTUAL"people.
★Gulliver goes down to the actual and travel through BALINIBARBI to the town of lagao and sees the grand academy .
★He thinks they are in dance so he travels to Maldonada To find a ship to LUGGNAG.
★He takes a sidetrip to GLUBDRUBRIB, a government is a necromancer.
★Gulliver sails to LUGGNAG where he learns of the strulabruggs .(ak a immortals)
★Gulliver travels to Japan and sails back to England.
4 :-A -VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF THE HOYHNHNMS:-
★GULLIVER goes on his last voyages as the captain of his ship.
★After the mutiny of his crew , they heave him on an unknown island.
★Gulliver runs into these beastly humanoid creatures,called YAHOOS ,that attack him .
A horse, or HOYHNHNMS ,shows up and scares them aways.
★Gulliver goes to live with the HOYHNHNMS ,whom he calls master , at his house and tries to hide his resemblance to the YAHOOS .
★He finds that the HOYHNHNMS have no sense of the countries beyond the sea.
★Their society is based solely on reason and ratinally .
★While conversing with his master , Gulliver finds his opinion s being enlightened as he sees himself as a detestable YAHOOS and wishes to be like a rational HOYHNHNMS.
★When seen without his clothes ,the HOYHNHNMS agree that Gulliver must leave .
★Gulliver can not stand to be in the company of "yahoo-kind".
★CONCLUSION
Burlesque / Parody / Mock Epic / Irony / Wit & Humour an example is Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels. The Restoration Period and the 18th Century are huge periods of English satiric achievement. So, we can concluded that swift was one who is the greatest SATIRIST .
Work sited:-
1:-https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swift
2:-http://www.literature-study-online.com/essays/swift_gay.html
3:-http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/gulliver/
4:-http://study.com/academy/lesson/introduction-to-jonathan-swift-biography-gulliver-and-a-modest-proposal.html
5:-http://study.com/academy/lesson/gullivers-travels-by-jonathan-swift-satire-parody-and-folly.html
6:-http://classic-english-literature.blogspot.in/2008/02/jonathan-swift-and-gullivers-travels.html
7 :-https://schoolworkhelper.net/what-is-satire/
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