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Northrop Frye's Archetypal Criticism.........
Introduction
Northrop Frye was born in Canada in 1921 and studied at Toronto University and Merton College, Oxford University. Initially he was a student of theology and then he switched over to literature. He published his first book,Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake in 1947. The book is a highly original study of the poetry of Blake and it is considered a classic critical work. Northrop Frye rose to international prominence with the publication ofAnatomy of Criticism, in 1957 and it firmly established him as one of the most brilliant, original and influential of modern critics. Frye died in 1991. On the whole, he wrote about twenty books on Western literature, culture, myth, archetypal theory, religion and social thought. The Fables of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology is a critical work published in 1963. The present essay, “Archetypes of Literature,” is taken from the book. In the essay Frye critically analyses literature against the backdrop of rituals and myths. He interprets literature in the light of various rituals and myths. Frye has divided the easy into three parts. The first part deals with the concept of archetypal criticism. The second part throws light on the inductive method of analysis of a text. The third part focuses on the deductive method of analysis. All the methods fall under structural criticism.
1.....What is archetypal criticism ?What does the archetypal critic do?
Ans....
★What is Archetypal?
Archetype is a Greek word meaning “Original pattern, or model.” In literature, film and art an archetype is a Character, an event, a story or an image that recurs in different works, in different culture and in different periods of time.
Definition of archetypal.
●Archetypal means images and symbols are representing in literature it’s called archetypal.
● In literature, an archetype is a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature.
2....What is frye trying to prove by giving an analogy of "physics To nature"and "Criticism to literature"?.
Ans......
Here Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ‘physics to nature’ means physics is an organized body of knowledge .
Ultimately every branch of study is the study of nature . Physics, is an organized body of knowledge about nature . Art is like nature .Where as criticism is study of art . And it is impossible to learn literature whenever we study literature at that time we learn only criticism of the literature .Not literature of itself we can learns evolution,of literature.. we cant learn literature but criticism of literature can be learn .
3..... Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.
Ans.......
Relation of literature with history and philosophy the students has to turn. To the conceptual frame work of the historian for events and to that of the philosophers for india.in art and history and philosophy.
4....Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.
Ans......Northrope Frye gives example of grave Digger's Scene from Hamlet to illustrate inductive .
Inductive
From one general definition we can goes to some particular example. It called inductive method.
(General to particular)
Example:-Hamlet's grave diging's scene.
Hamlet's reaction towards Alexander's reminder & by referring tailor & lawyer it has the tone if corruption. Hamlet's fight with Learty for Ophelia shows the true attachment of Hamlet for Ophelia. Without more self concerns he was ready to fight with Learty signs the real archetypal hero quality in him.
Where is the archetypal hero hidden in. The scene ...
Whenevre we study this scene at that time directly we can't
Derive at any conclusion. We have to take step backto back.. First in this scene there is visible question of Existentialism-( Alexander and all died). Then again we move step back, and we find corruption, in society. Moving step back we will find that Elizabethan audience loved this sort of things- death, burial and many more things and when again move step back, and we have a distant view at that time we find , HAMLET represents such a Archetypal Hero who is ready to die for the sake of love. there are lot of hero in the history who died for the sake of love. Hamlet holds Ophelia in his hands at Grave means ready to accept death for love. so this was inductive method which talks about taking a distant view at a particular object.
5.......Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.
Ans.........
The Deductive Method........
The Deductive method of analysis proceeds to establish the meaning of work from the general truth to particular truth. Literature is like music and painting. Rhythm is an essential characteristic of music and painting, pattern is the chief virtue. Rhythm in music is temporal and pattern in painting is spatial. In literature both rhythm and pattern is spatial. In literature both rhythm and pattern are recurrence of images, forms and words. Literature can be interpreted in as many ways as possible. These methods are useful for critics and it can derive reader in new direction and vision of any literary work. If we want to interpret in different way through this methods Centre and periphery can be changed.
6....Refer to the indian seasonal grid (below) . If you Can , please red small gujrati or hindi or english poem from the archetypal approach and apply indian seasons grid in the interpretation.
Ans.........
I remember her one famous gujrati poem which I they in my school time ..........ફાગણ ફોરમતો અયો.......... And one also lyric in gujrati is so much famous is that પાન લીલું જોયું ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં..........
Example............
પાન લીલું જોયું ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં
જાણે મૌસમનો પહેલો વરસાદ ઝીલ્યો રામ
એક તરણું કોળ્યું ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં
ક્યાંક પંખી ટહુક્યું ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં
જાણે શ્રાવણના આભમાં ઉઘાડ થયો રામ
એક તારો ટમક્યો ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં
જરા ગાગર છલકી ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં
જાણે કાંઠા તોડે છે કોઇ મહેરામણ હો રામ
સહેજ ચાંદની છલકી ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં
કોઇ ઠાલું મલક્યું ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં
જાણે કાનુડાના મુખમાં બ્રહ્માંડ દીઠું રામ
કોઇ આંખે વળગ્યું ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં
કોઇ આંગણે અટક્યું ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં
જાણે પગરવની દુનિયામાં શોર થયો રામ
એક પગલું ઉપડ્યું ને તમે યાદ આવ્યાં.
Example..........
ફાગણ ફોરમતો આયો…
આયો રે આયો..
ફાગણ ફોરમતો આયો…
લાલ લાલ લાલ લાલ રંગ પેલા કેસુડાના… પર લહેરાયો
ઋતુઓનો રાજા પેલો ફાગણ આંગણ આવી અલબેલો લહેરાયો..
ફાગણ ફોરમતો આયો…
આયો રે આયો..
ફાગણ ફોરમતો આયો…
ચારેકોર ઘુમતાને લઇ લઇ પીચકારી હોળીનો ગુલાલ રચાયો
સરરર રંગ છુટે લાડકડો લાડ લૂટે, ઉરમાં ઉમંગ સમાયો..
ફાગણ ફોરમતો આયો…
આયો રે આયો..
ફાગણ ફોરમતો આયો…
ગોરી ગોરા છોરા છોરી કરતાજી ડોરાડોરી ફાગણને લેતા વધાયો
હોળી કેરાં રસ ઘેલાં હેતમાં હરખ ઘેલાં લૂંટે લાડ લૂંટાયો
ફાગણ ફોરમતો આયો…
આયો રે આયો..
ફાગણ ફોરમતો આયો…
એના રંગે મલક રંગાયો
રે આયો..
ફાગણ ફોરમતો આયો…
જોડે રે’જો રાજ..
તમે કિયા તે ભાઇના ગોરી, કોની વઉ..
જોડે રે’જો રાજ..
જોડે નંઇ રે’વુ રાજ..
હે મને શરમના શેરડા ફૂટે
જોડે દીવો બળે હો રાજ..
તહુ (ત્યા) દમક દમક દાદુર ડણ ડમકત,
ગડડ મોર મલ્હાર ઘીરા (મલ્હાર – મેઘ ઘેરાયો)
પીયુ પીયુ શબદ પુકારત ચાતક,
પીયુ પીયુ કોકિલ કંઠ ઘીરા.
તહુ ગડડ ગડડ નભ હોત ગડાકા
ને ઘણણણ ગિરિવર શિખર દડે
સૌ રૂમઝૂમ રૂમઝૂમ બરસત બરસા
ગડડ ગડડ ઘન ઘોર ગરજે .
Example .......
There is wonderful gujrati poem
"આવરે મેહુલા આવ"
આવરે મેહુલા આવ,
મેહુલા અષાઢના રે,
ધેરી ધેરી વાદળી જાણે ભરી રે,
વરસી ઝરમર જય....
નદીએ પાણી રેલશે રે,
ધરતી ડૂબ ડૂબ થાય.......
ઝબકે ઝબ ઝબ વીજળી રે,
વાદળ ધામ ધામ થાય
ખેતર ખેડૂત વાવશે રે,
કપાસ ને કાન થાય......
મેહુલા અષાઢ ના રે..........
This small poem is describe things like........
1)Indian seson "Ashadh" and what changes is happend in human life or in Nature thats describe. This poem describ monsoon season. Water in that river is an Archetype symbol of life, cleansing , rebirth and fertility. This poem is also describ the time of vagetation time of farmer and whis symbolies happiness of that farmer.pepole are also happy with that change which brings with "Ashadh" thus we can find all seson and their symbols in literature in one or another way.
●In the fist example we found that the season of monsoon is archetypal of happiness for the love birds, also the season of monsoon is of romance according to indian seasonal grid. Whereas summer refers to romance in western countries , instead of romance indian summer is boring . Even in some Western counties there is no season. Like monsoon............
●But here one question is that why only "pan lilu(green) why not (suku)or we can also say( dry leave ) or others?????
Green is the symbol of GROWTH , HOPE , AND FERTILITY According to archetypal criticism.....
●This all are the symbol of seasons , coloures , occure in our all literature.
●In the second example faham is one of the season in india . This is the seasons between વસંત/ગ્રીષ્મ..This seasons are also in ઉનાળો(summer)....
In this season in india many festival like holi, and many more ......
●This poem is about the Indian season 'fagan'. In India the concept of this season is positive. In the first line of fourth stanza, poet describe that season of 'fagan' is the king in all seasons. Because in this season all the trees are flourishing and it brings happiness in our life. And perhaps that's why it known as the king in all the seasons. And so we celebrate some festivals in this season like Holi-dhuleti.
Thus, we can say that the concept of this season related with happiness and wealth in the Indian seasonal grid.
Third on is about This small poem is describe things like
1)Indian seson "Ashadh" changes is happen in human life or in Nature This poem describ monsoon season. Water in the river is an Archetype symbol of life, cleansing , rebirth and fertility. This poem is also describ the time of vagetation time of farmer when generally farmers digging the farms and which is symbolies happiness of that farmer.pepole are also happy with that change which brings with "Ashadh" thus we can find all seasons and their symbols in literature in one or another way.
Reference...........
http://dilipbarad.blogspot.in/2014/12/northrop-frye-archetypes-of-literature.html
http://tahuko.com/?p=619
Thank You .........
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