Name :-Niyatiben A. Pathak
Batch :- 2017-2019
Enrollement no. . 2069108420180042
Paper : American literature
Guide : Heenaba ma’am
Submitted to : Department Of English MKBU
Words.....2291
Here is my assignment of sem ...3
What is American dream ? explain with refrance to
the old man and the sea ....
Read ,give suggestions , which can help me for forther information .....Click here to evaluate ( give me marks )
Points …..
Biography of author …
- What is American dream ???
- Reality of the American Dream..
- Literature…
- So, here we have one question is that In The Old Man and Sea, What is the man dreaming of? Why is this significant?
- What santiago’s dream …or What does Santiago dream about in The Old Man and the Sea?
- Why does he dream about lion? Does it contain a special meaning in it?
- short view on Santiago's Lion Dreams…
biography of author ….
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution.
During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer’s disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman’s journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat.
Hemingway – himself a great sportsman – liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters – tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith. His straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his predilection for understatement are particularly effective in his short stories, some of which are collected in Men Without Women (1927) and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938). Hemingway died in Idaho in 1961.
What is American dream ???
The meaning of the "American Dream" has changed over the course of history, and includes both personal components (such as home ownership and upward mobility) and a global vision. Historically the Dream originated in the mystique regarding frontier life. As the Governor of Virginia noted in 1774, the Americans "for ever imagine the Lands further off are still better than those upon which they are already settled". He added that, "if they attained Paradise, they would move on if they heard of a better place farther west".
How ? ? Ernest Hemingway described the Reality of the American Dream…..
"Ernest Hemingway's fiction criticizes the American Dream and its myth of success in the early twentieth century. In The Sun Also Rises, "The Snows of Kilimanjaro," and "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber," Hemingway exposes the corrupting influence of monetary wealth. During the economic collapse of the Great Depression, many Americans created for themselves a fantasy world to avoid the reality of the failure of the American Dream. In "Fathers and Sons," The Garden of Eden, and For Whom the Bell Tolls, Hemingway's characters escape into their own illusions. "Wine of Wyoming" and To Have and Have Not show the disillusionment of individuals who are denied access to the Dream. Hemingway uses the example of Santiago from The Old Man and the Sea to show a new and more realistic American Dream in which material wealth is not the goal. Hemingway is not bound by the geographical setting of his characters in his assessment of the Dream, illustrated by using Americans away from the United States, outsiders in America, and an expanded understanding of America to make his evaluation."
Literature…
The concept of the American Dream has been used in popular discourse, and scholars have traced its use in American literature ranging from the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, to Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), Willa Cather's My Antonia[F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby (1925), Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy (1925) and Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon (1977). Other writers who used the American Dream theme include Hunter S. Thompson, Edward Albee, John Steinbeck, Langston Hughes, and Giannina Braschi. The American Dream is also discussed in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman as the play's protagonist, Willy, is on a quest for the American Dream. As Huang shows, the American Dream is a recurring theme in the fiction of Asian Americans.
American ideals…
Many American authors added American Ideals to their work as a theme or other reoccurring idea, to get their point across. There are many ideals that appear in American Literature such as, but not limited to, all people are equal, The United States of America is the Land of Opportunity, independence is valued, The American Dream is attainable, and everyone can succeed with hard work and determination. John Winthrop also wrote about this term called, American Exceptionalism. This ideology refers to the idea that Americans are the chosen ones, and that they are the light.
So, here we have one question is that In The Old Man and Sea, What is the man dreaming of? Why is this significant?
The lions symbolize youth, strength, happiness, and hope for the old man.Santiago's dream about the lions is first described in the opening fifteen pages of the book. He used to see the lions playing on the beaches of Africa, where he grew up, and he remembers that "they played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them". In the midst of his epic battle with the big fish, Santiago again dreams about the lions, and "he (is) happy".
The significance of the book ending with a final reference to the dream of lions is that it shows that the old man, although battered and beaten possibly to the point of death by his encounter on the sea, still retains the ability to hope and dream - of returning to the challenges of life, of celebrating once again the vigor of his youth, of living like the "young cats" frolicking on the sand. The story ends on a positive note, because the old man is happy when he is dreaming of lions, and whether he regains the strength to return to his beloved pursuits or not, his spirit remains indomitable.
What santiago’s dream …or What does Santiago dream about in The Old Man and the Sea?
The lions symbolize youth, strength, happiness, and hope for the old man.Santiago's dream about the lions is first described in the opening fifteen pages of the book. He used to see the lions playing on the beaches of Africa, where he grew up, and he remembers that "they played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them". In the midst of his epic battle with the big fish, Santiago again dreams about the lions, and "he (is) happy".
The significance of the book ending with a final reference to the dream of lions is that it shows that the old man, although battered and beaten possibly to the point of death by his encounter on the sea, still retains the ability to hope and dream - of returning to the challenges of life, of celebrating once again the vigor of his youth, of living like the "young cats" frolicking on the sand. The story ends on a positive note, because the old man is happy when he is dreaming of lions, and whether he regains the strength to return to his beloved pursuits or not, his spirit remains indomitable.
Why does he dream about lion? Does it contain a special meaning in it? (symbol)
I'm not sure if I'm correct, but here's what I always took from it.
Dreaming about the lion directly relates to Hemingway's longing for Africa (a rather joyous time in his life despite those pesky plane crashes on the last time around). It directly parallels his own nostalgia for Africa and all that it meant and represented to him.
Dreaming about the lion directly relates to Hemingway's longing for Africa (a rather joyous time in his life despite those pesky plane crashes on the last time around). It directly parallels his own nostalgia for Africa and all that it meant and represented to him.
From the standpoint of everyone who isn't Hemingway, what's more important than the subject of the dreams is how the old man's dreams adapted over time. I don't have a copy of the text with me currently, but if I remember correctly, the narrative explicitly states that the old man used to dream about a variety of different things, but, with age, the dreams have only been of the lions. This is meant to show how, as people get older, they stop "dreaming" (in both the literal and figurative sense) and cling rather to the nostalgia of youth and having their whole lives ahead of them.
The lions themselves could be a symbol of youthful vivacity, but I think that's more of a matter-of-fact symbol (though it is Hemingway, after all, so you never know!).
The lions themselves could be a symbol of youthful vivacity, but I think that's more of a matter-of-fact symbol (though it is Hemingway, after all, so you never know!).
At the last I would like to give short view on Santiago's Lion Dreams
The setting for the story is simple: an old fisherman, Santiago, prepares for and then experiences a three-day fishing trip. The first night, before he sets out on his trip, Santiago dreams of Africa. The narrator notes:
'He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength, nor of his wife. He only dreamed of places now and of lions on the beach. They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy.'
On his second day at sea, Santiago stays awake, dragging the huge marlin hooked on his fishing line. He is tired; he wishes he could sleep and dream of the lions. He says to himself, 'Why are the lions the main thing that is left?'
On the second night at sea, Santiago sleeps. Initially he dreams of porpoises during mating season, leaping into the air. Then he dreams that he is in his bed in the village and is very cold. Then, 'he began to dream of the long yellow beach and he saw the first of the lions come down onto it in the early dark and then the other lions came and he rested his chin on the wood of the bows where the ship lay anchored with the evening off-shore breeze and he waited to see if there would be more lions and he was happy.'
The novella ends with Santiago in bed, resting after his three-day ordeal with the marlin. 'The old man was dreaming about the lions.' is the last sentence.
With the old fisherman the pattern of Hemingway's fiction has come full circle. The hero as an old man stands in clear relation to the hero as a young boy and Nick adams as a child in indian camp, the first story of Hemingway's first book. Im that story Nick goes with his father, a doctor, to witness the mystery of birth: but he witnesses the horror of death also. The young Indian woman his father has come to help has been in labor for two days. "Daddy, can't you give her something to stop the screaming?" Nick asks his father. The doctor tells his son that despite her outcry the woman wants to be in labor and pain because she wants to have the baby and the baby too wants to be born. Then Dr.Adams performs a Caesarean using a jackknife. Dr.Adams feels exalted as he goes to tell the woman's husband the operation was successfull and finds him dead. His wife's sxreaming has made the Indean kill himself. This is hardly the initiation Dr.Adams had intended for his son. Yet, as father and son row home across the lakr, Nick's reassurance grows as his father replies to his questions about suffering and death. As the sun rises over the lake Nick feels"sure that he qould never die." This sentence illustrated the extreme illusion about existence which is native to the Hemingway hero and which makes disillusion, when it occurs, so astonishing and disastrous.
Just as the borth of a child causes the death of aman in Indian Camp,so in the last chapter of A Farewell to Arms, not only does the birth of a child cause the heroine's death, but before her death when she cries out in her agony, she speaks exactly like Nick Adams: "Can't they give me something?" and Frederick henry says to himself: "She can't die, "Just as Nick was sure that he would not die. When the heroine dies, the burden of the hero's experience of birth, love, and death is characterization of the nature of existence:
So, now they got her in the end. You never got away with anything. . . You did not know what it was about. They threw you in and told you the rules and the first time they caught you off base they killed you . . . They killed you in the end. . . You could count on that. Stay around and they would kill you. (smith))
Works Cited
smith), britanica.com(tom. 25 oct. 2018. <https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Old-Man-and-the-Sea-novel-by-Hemingway>.
statistics), : Wikipedia contributors( Revision history. American Dream. 24 sept. 2018. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Dream>.
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