I.A. RICHRDS FIGARATIVE LANGUAGE :-

I.A. RICHRDS FIGARATIVE LANGUAGE :-
I have selected few lines from various bollywood songs and analysed those song and analyzed these song according to theory of I.A.RICHREDS "FIGARATIVE LANGUAGE ".

1)
Singer :- Siddharth Amit bhavsar
Lyrics :- Niren Bhatt

તૂ તૂ તારા તૂ તૂ તારા રે તારા રે 
તૂ તૂ તારા તૂ તૂ તારા રે તારા રે 
આંખોમાં છૂપાયેલો છે પ્રેમ મારો
વાતોમાં ય આવી જાયે તારી સામે,
મારું ન માને.
સપનાં હજારો મનમાં છે તો ય 
એક તારા સપને ફસાયો જાણે,
રંગાયો જાણે.
તું જાણે પતંગ છે ને હું છું કોઈ ડોર,
લઇ જાયે છે ઉડાવીને તું કઈ કોર,
તું જાણે પતંગ છે ને હું છું કોઈ ડોર,
લઇ જાયે લઇ જાયે છે તું કઈ કોર,
બાજી જે હારી છે, પાછી લગાડી છે,
મનડું જુગારી છે આ કેવું ડફોળ.
લાગી રે લાગી રે તારી ધૂન લાગી રે,
લાગી રે લાગી રે તારી ધૂન લાગી. 
લાગી રે લાગી રે તારી ધૂન લાગી રે,
લાગી રે લાગી રે તારી ધૂન લાગી.



◆Here in this film song which is more popular into this time here i would like to analyze the song with RICHRDS point of view that .......

તું જાણે પતંગ છે ને હું છું કોઈ ડોર,
લઇ જાયે છે ઉડાવીને તું કઈ કોર. 

In this lines lover says to his beloved that metaphors uses here tha 
You are like  a kite and I have a streak on which side i  It takes you away from which marge.




બાજી જે હારી છે, પાછી લગાડી છે,
મનડું જુગારી છે આ કેવું ડફોળ.

★from this line i think that connection with the old myth connection with the mahabharat ...When ever we read the word gambling as we people of india we all know the myth of Mahabharata and one act in both family grup in hostility.

When karava and pandva's are playing  gamble with each other is connect here with the passage with the trick in life , how gambling is in love life .Is connected here .

2)

 maula tera maali, 
O hariyani  jungle waali, 
Tude har gali pe tali, 
Uski kadam kadam rakhvani 
Ainweyi lok lajki soch soch ke 
Kyun he aafat daali 
Tule naam dan ka naam saai ka 
Ali Ali Ali Ali 


★In this line very old and familier metaphore was used like god is considered as a gardener  and people as their gardene or jungle.

★ Here another Hindi movie song is also recall is title song of the movie Bagban that…
Singer :-  Bago ke har phool ko apna samje bagban

Bagban rab he bangban, bagban rab he bagban


    In this two selected lines again god is considered as gardener and the massage is god will take care of his all the child.


3)

Movie :- chaudvin ka chand 

Music :-ravi 


Lyricist :- shakeel badayani

◆In this  stanza, the protagonist tries to compare his beloved with the full moon of the fourteenth night and bright sun using metaphor.Your tresses are like dark clouds sloping down your shoulders.Your beautiful eyes are like wine-filled goblets.You are the wine that abounds with the intoxication of love.

4)song :- kaun tujhe

Singer :- palak munchhal

Film :- m.s dhoni 

Mood:- love song 

Tu aata hai seene mein jab jab saansein bharti hoon

teri dil ki galiyon se mein har roz guzarati hoon

hawa ke jaise chalta hai tu main ret jaise udti hoon

kaun tujhe yun pyaar karenga jaise main karti hoon

◆Here I  would like to share some lines of a bollywood film song Kaun tuje from the movie M S Dhoni .

   In this song beloved express her feeling for her lover and in this song metaphor used like that Wind , Sand .

                  ●  Tu aata hai seene mein jab jab sasein bharti hoon

                    Teri dil ki galiyon se mein har roz guzarti hoon    

  In this lines she said that " you come in my heart whenever i inhale " but how is it possible because of no one people came in our heart whenever we inhale . It is a full of imagination and also say that i pass through the lanes of your heart every day . It is also impossible that our heart live in our body and it has not road so really it is not possibal just Imagen .  

                    ● Hawa ke jaise chalta hai tu mein ret jaisi udti hoon

  In this line she says that  "you move like the wind and i fly like sand " but no one people can not walk like a wind and it is totally imagination and here sand and wind two metaphor used . 

Thank you ☺

Mary Shelley's FRANKENSTEIN

Frankenstein ....................................................




Here I would like to shre my views ..............


◆who is real monster in Frankenstein ?

=>For this ans first of all you must see this video before reading ans   ............

★As we all know ,that in novel victore ,the maker of creature .Shelley analyses vital issues in het novel.

★After creation of creature victore realizes that what he do than he rejectes his own Creation .

★someone says that victore escape from his responsibility but I think that he didn't because when he was ill and awake up from his bed first of all he asked his friend about to the situation of outside . Henry told that there were fatal virus , and people have died . 

★In other hand monster also have humanly desire and for that humanly desire he done all those things .

★So, situations created all things here we can say that circumstances are the real monster thier is no doubt that who is real monster ...

◆

• What are some myths used by Mary Shelley in the Frankenstein? 

★Myth is the word, which came to existence in the mid 19th century. Because earlier it was known as Mythos. It is a Greek word. Myth means story or word.

1:- Myth of Narcissus

  ★    The myth of Narcissus in which the legend is there. A tale told by Roman poet Ovid.Eacho, a young girl who falls in love with Narcissus. In Greek mythology, the myth of Narcissus can be noticed. It tells that Narcissus was a hunter from the territory of Thespiae in Boeotia who was renowned for his beauty. He was the son of a river god named Cephisus and a nymph named Lyriope. He was exceptionally proud of what he did to those who loved him. Nemesis noticed and attracted Narcissus to a pool, wherein he saw his reflection and fell in love with it, not realizing it was merely an image. Unable to leave the beauty of his reflection, Narcissus died. Narcissus is the origin of the term narcissism, after this story this term came into existence.

    ★  The myth of Narcissus is one of the most known Greek Myths, due to its uniqueness and moral tale; Narcissus, was the son of River God Cephisus and nymph Lyriope. He was known for his beauty and he was loved by God Apollo due to his extraordinary physique. The myth of Narcissus comes in two different versions, the Greek and the Greco-Roman version, as both Conon the Greek and Ovid, the Roman poet, wrote the story of Narcissus, enhancing it with different elements.

2:- Myth of Prometheus 

★prometheus created humans and gave them knowledge

★jupiter is the highest ' mighty one '

★jupiter becomes afraid that humans will become more powerful than him.

★he creates a beautiful goddess Pandora,meaning all -gifted .

★jupiter gives a box to Pandora containing evils in which Pandora is aware of.

★pandora opens the box , thinkins there are jewels , realise the evil.

★jupiter remains in control and punishes Prometheus .

★hercules saves promethues and all good is restored .

(Theme :- suffering , power ) 

★The human in the Prometheus myth show suffering when Pandora's box is opened by Pandora.

 ★In Frankenstein the ch. Of Justine , henry , William show suffering through the monsters wrath .

★Innocent people in both stories suffer as  a result of the evils which is brought into thier society.

●●So,...... 

★Frankenstein and the Prometheus myth related in these ways related between victore and Jupiter .

3:-Myth of Paradise lost 

★A Myth of Paradise lost by monster , Comparing  himself  first  with ADAM and later with satan also .



◆Write about the narratology of Frankenstein?

★As we all know that marya jelly was used multiple narratives in altriply story within story so, there are three narrators :- ....

1:-Captain Walton

2:-victor Frankenstein

3:-THE monster

Gerald gennete's Narrative Discourse ,and figurative of literature Discourse are foundational work in narratology.

Here in Frankenstein "I"narration or we can fram narrative , story within story .

The nature of the narrative in Frankenstein  is inseparably linked to its structure , which combines three different narrative stances.

These narratives sit with in one another , like a set of boxes.

The structure is tight because of embaed narrative .


It is written 1st person narrative novel, but there are three 1st person narratives .

◆Did this movie help you in understanding the plot of the novel?


★Yes, of course movie is very easy way to understand whole the text in very quick .

★In movie thier is plot well discribed ........

★So, by watching this movie we get idea of main them of the novel .



◆From Where Mary Shelley get the idea for the novel Frankenstein ?

★Mary Shelley was traveled in the region of Geneva, where much of the story takes place and the topic of galvanism.

★After thinking for days, Shelley dreamy about a scientist who created life and was horrified by what he had made; her dream later evolved into the novel's story.

◆
What are some major differences between movie and the novel Frankenstein ?

★MOVIE➨Victor brings Elizabeth back to life, with the monster attempting to take her as his bride
 NOVEL➡ Elizabeth is killed by the monster strangling her
In novel , monster wants to revenge oan all society because of his condition .
In film he wants his revenge only on victore , his created and Frankenstein's family .
★victore meet henry c in INGOLSTLAND An Uni.
★Henry is a friend of victore since childhood.
In book victories mother dies becauS of an illness however , in the film she dies giving birth to William.

Do you think the search for the knowledge is dangerous and destructive?



★Victor tells Walton, 'Learn from me…how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow.'  Victor's pride or search of knowledge destroys him and everyone whom he loves.





★I think from experience, experiments , and mistakes also from that humans are know very things and so that I can say that the search for  knowledge is not Dangerous and destructive .

T.S.ELIOT (Thinking Activity)

T.S. ELIOT "TRADITION AND INDIVIDUAL TALENT

For more information you can visite this site and here very helpful 5 videos which is easy to understand whole concept of T.S.ELIOT 'S TRADITION AND INSIVIDUAL TALENT

 click here  😃👍

T.S.ELIOT'S "Tradition and individual talent "was published in 1919 in The Egoist -THE times literary supplement .Later , the essay was published  in The Sacred Wood:Essay on poetry and Criticism in 1920/2. This essay is described by David Lodge as the most celebrated critical essay in the english  of the 20th century . The essay is divided into three main sections :

(1) Concept of tradition 


(2)Theory of Depersonalization and poetry


(3)Poet’s sense of tradition and the impersonality of poetry are complementary things.

Here is some questions ans :-


QUESTION:-1.

1. How would you like to explain Eliot's concept of Tradition? Do you agree with it?

ANS :-
Here in tradition and individual talent Eliot has presented tradition in positive sence as it is not only inherited trend or any particular method which should be followed, but he has given concept of merging past and present with the sence of history . Tradition is not only describes in the sence following but as an awareness of history to make future .

◆QUESTION :-2 what do you understand by historical sense ? ( use these quotes to explain your understanding )
Ans :-
=>"The historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness of the past, but of its presence"

This historical sense, which is a sense of the timeless as well as of the temporal and of the timeless and of the temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional.

Historical sense is the sense of the timeless and the temporal, as well as of the timeless and the temporal together. A writer, who has much sense of tradition, is fully conscious of his own generation, of his place in the present, but he is also actually conscious of his relationship with the writers of the past.

Question :-3What is the relationship between “tradition” and “the individual talent,” according to the poet T. S. Eliot?



Ans :- For Eliot tradition and individual talent an existing does not cut itself from the tradition , we have to work in an interdisciplinary kind of a manner . In answer of that how individual talent associated with tradition he is says that ....... Individual talent does not cut itself away from the tradition for eliot Tradition is already existing monument and individual talent can only marginally and a bir , extend it a bit . Tradition and individual talent they both go together . It can be separate .


Question :- 4   Explain: "Some can absorb knowledge, the more tardy must sweat for it.Shakespeare acquired more essential history from Plutarch than most men could from the whole British Museum".


Ans :- Here eliot wants that readers go to wide reading and according to him William Shakespeare is unexpectational highly educated lin convinsed language,as per Johnson mensions in his preface to Shakespeare that "He know no other language than english "So we could think here that he was not highly educated or a scholar who had knowledge of many language but still he was famous Arnold mentions that great epochs of creativity doesnt come often and he mentions for examples Renaissance was very high period shakespeare is exceptional in this that in his biography there's no mention that Shakespeare went to uni .lt seems that he knew na other language than english according to Johnson So, here is one question that how Shakespeare for in Eliot's rule, then eliot himself have an answer by borrowing thought from Arnold that great epochs of creativity doesn't doen often like great period of Renaissance in english history can't come often and further also says that according to Arnold critics have important role ti play for making history or rather building opinion about someone very remarkable or important.This is the individual talent or the quality of absorbing makes Shakespeare great without so many efforts We can say that Eliot says that it is not necessary to get high education for being good writer, it is the absorbing or we can say the hard work, labouring that makes you more success. So we can say Shakespeare lived his age.


Question :- 5 Explain: "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry"


Ans :- Eliot sees the poet's mind as "a receptacle for seizing and storing up numberless feelings, phrases, images, which remain there until all the particles which can unite to form a new compound are present together." He says that concepts like "sublimity", "greatness" or "intensity" of emotion are irrelevant. It is not the greatness of the emotion that matters, but the intensity of the artistic process, the pressure under which the artistic process takes place, that is important. In this way he dissociates the notion on the artistic process from an added emphasis on 'genius' and the exceptional mind.


★Eliot refuse the idea that poetry is the expression of poet’s personality. Experiences in the life of the man may have no place in his poems, and vice-versa. The emotions occasioned by events in the personal life of the poet are not important. What matters is the emotion transmuted into poetry, the feelings expressed in the poetry. "Emotions which he has never experienced will serve his turn as well as those familiar to him". Eliot critiques Wordsworth's definition of poetry in the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads: "Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling: it takes its origins from emotion recollected in tranquility."For Eliot, poetry is not recollection of feeling, "it is a new thing resulting from the concentration of a very great number of experiences . .... . it is a concentration which does not happen consciously or of deliberation." Eliot defines that "Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality." For him, the emotion of art is impersonal, and the artist can achieve this impersonality only by and being conscious of the tradition, He is talking about the poetic tradition and neglects the fact that even the poetic tradition is a complex mixture of written and oral poetry and the elements that go into them. It was only in his later writings that he realized that in poetic composition many elements are involved. In his poetic dramas, he sought to brodent his scope.


Question :- 6.  How would you like to explain Eliot's theory of ddepersonalization? You can explain with the help of chemical reaction in presence of catalyst agent, Platinum.

Ans :- *Tradition and individual talent is very much interesting essay which tries to bring in scientific elements into arts and humanity.which is very abstract like creative process.

 *Here for that Eliot refers to education of sulfuric said (H2 SO4) oISO4. sul fer 1 has 3 molecules of oxygenl H20 Hydrogen 1 has 2 atoms of oxygen Which is made by mixing of sulphurous acid but only if platinum is present .


*The formation of sulfuric asid required two elements but entire process will not take place. If there is no catalysit that is platinum is most important .


*poets mind also remains unaffected mind that records everything He says answer his chemical reaction that 'the who suffers and the mind which creates are different e. And also here dissection about other critics views on creative process mention plato, Aristotle, WORDSWORTH and Drayden (1: Aristotle says thought on making 2: Drayden about invention fertility and clothing 3:-1. A.RICHRDS also present how present art thought science .


*Afterwords spekers moves towards Eliot and I.A.Richards And other many things that how it merge art and science and how to explain art with the help of science.


Question :- 7.  Explain: " Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality."


Ans :- In this Eliot says  that poetry is just a powerful feeling..poet also keep hos emotion in poetry. It also not use of emotion and personal expression but explanation of poets mind and his imagination and feelings.


Question :- 8

Write two points on which one can write critique on 'T.S. Eliot as a critic'.

 Ans :-Eliot marked that A work of art doesn't exist in a isolation, it exist in a continuity, it is part of chain. Eliot says that poet has to shift Great from the ordinary to his poetic work.

MY FIRST VOTING☺

'Vote '

અર્થ :- (Oxford living Dictionaries)
A Formal indication of a choice between two or more candidates or coursework action , expressed typically through a ballot or a show of hands.

Origin :-
Late middle English :from Latin Forum 'a vow, wish ', from vo vere 'to vow .' The verb dates from the mid 16th century.

 

IT WAS SUCH A VOTIG ME AND MUMMY WENT TO  AND  GOOD EXPERIANCE TO ME AS A VOTER.  I WALK VERY EARLY IN MORNING

THAT DAY AND PREPARE FOR VOTING BRING MY VOTER ID CARD AND SLEEP OF VOTER WHICH WAS PROVIDE BY GOVERNMENT .

SO, AFTER WORDS ME AND MY MOM WENT TO BORTALAV MUNCIPALITY SCHOOL. AND THIER WHERE SOME PEOPLES BEHINFD  THE GATE OF SCHOOL AND I WAS FIRST WHO VOTER I MY BOOTH LEVEL AS MY MAMMY AND PAPPA. VOTED IN OUR BUTH LEVEL. SO, I PROMISE TO MY PARENTS THAT WAS ALSO VOTE FIRST IN @2017 ELACTION AND DO THAT .SO, MY GARDIANS PROUD OF THAT .I M CONTINEW THE TRADITION OF VOTING FIRDT IN OUR BOOTH LEVEL.GAURISANKAR LAKE AND -THAPNATH MAHADEV FOR PRAYER

AFTER ME MY MUMMY VOTED .

SO, AFTER  

Mathew Arnold (thinking activity)

For more info about MATHEW ARNOLD click here 

                       

1.Write about the idea of Matthew Arnold which you found interesting and relevant in our times.

Ans:-

★ Mathew Arnold was literary critic and poet. He has contributed a lot to literary criticism. His criticism of poetry is the landmark in English literary criticism. According to him poetry is the criticism of life and it should have poetic truth and poetic beauty.
●According to him then critic should disinterested or detached from personal and historical prejudices. This idea is completely relevant to our time. There is always an influence of critic's prejudices and perspective in criticism.

★Arnold’s idea of disinterestedness is relevant. Attachment or any type of belief may creates controversial outcomes after long time. Its very but obvious principle given by Arnold transparent decision without any favour without partiality to give judgement its critic’s duty. One thought was  “dot considering effect on author or readers, it should be free from all the prejudices either historical or personal.” I am fully agree with this . Emotional attachment is not our strength its one type of illness so this Arnold’s principle is relevant in recent times.


Q2- Write about one idea of Matthew Arnold which you found out of date and irrelevant in our times. 

ANS:-
Matthew Arnold's 'touchstone method ' Arnold says that touchstone method makes reader aware about the fallacy in judgment. this touchstone method is not relevant in our time because in this method critic compare two different things with each other. For example we can not judge any people by his/her behavior because they have their own problems and their own life so. So we don't hve a right to judge any work or to compare two works.



 
                         THANK YOU.

KHUSHALI

😍



This blog is for my lovely sis.  On her 17th Birthday she is so much special for me in my whole life .Thank you dear my bestie forever .....................

To me you are an angel in disguise.
Full of intuition, you are intelligent and wise.
Always giving and helping through
Good times and bad.
You are the best friend I've ever had.
If I had one wish, it would surely be
To give you as much as you've given to me.
Though I've put our relationship through some cloudy days,
You've been my sunshine in so many ways.
Through trials and tests, right by me
You stood,
And you gave me your hand whenever you could.
Thank you so much, my sister, my friend.
My gratitude for you has no end.
U R Special, U R a Sister who Fights Wid Me, Plays Wid Me, Suggest Me & Shouts at Me.
But U r So Softhearted & I Love U My Dear Sister. 😊😍

SWEETEST LOVE (POEM)

Original poem :-


Sweetest love, I do not go,

         For weariness of thee,

Nor in hope the world can show

         A fitter love for me;

                But since that I

Must die at last, 'tis best

To use myself in jest

         Thus by feign'd deaths to die.


Yesternight the sun went hence,

         And yet is here today;

He hath no desire nor sense,

         Nor half so short a way:

                Then fear not me,

But believe that I shall make

Speedier journeys, since I take

         More wings and spurs than he.


O how feeble is man's power,

         That if good fortune fall,

Cannot add another hour,

         Nor a lost hour recall!

                But come bad chance,

And we join to'it our strength,

And we teach it art and length,

         Itself o'er us to'advance.


When thou sigh'st, thou sigh'st not wind,

         But sigh'st my soul away;

When thou weep'st, unkindly kind,

         My life's blood doth decay.

                It cannot be

That thou lov'st me, as thou say'st,

If in thine my life thou waste,

         That art the best of me.


Let not thy divining heart

         Forethink me any ill;

Destiny may take thy part,

         And may thy fears fulfil;

                But think that we

Are but turn'd aside to sleep;

They who one another keep

         Alive, ne'er parted be.

 

 

 

In english

In very Simple form language (hindi )

Metaphysical poetry

★

The Metaphysical Poetry

WHAT IS METAPHYSICAL POETRY ? : The term metaphysics means something supernatural and transcendental. Its sense is 'what is beyond physical'. It is concerned with fundamental problems of life and death and soul even after death. The term metaphysical poetry means poetry dealing with metaphysical subjects. These subjects are - nature of universe, movements of stars and planets and the whole relationship of man to God.

During Semester 1, we got a delightful chance to attend lectures on “The Metaphysical Poetry” byR.K.Mandaliya (S.P.University, Vallabh Vidyanagar). His ‘Talk and chalk’ method makes poetry flow in your veins. While going through the class notes even today, it just feels like you are sitting in the class and studying poetry. Thanks Dr.Dilip Barad Sir for organising such fruitful session. Even in Semester 3 we again got a chance to attend his lectures on “Robert Frost and his poetry” which I shall share later on.

◆
In the beginning of the 17th century; between 1600 and 1635, a school of poets emerged - whose poetry came to be known as “The Metaphysical Poetry”. With the passing of time it was Dr. Samuel Johnson – a great neo-classicist who made use of this term for the first time in his introduction to the life of Abraham Cowley. When Dr.Johnson used this term, it was in a derogatory sense – negative sense to criticise the poetry of John Donne and his followers. With the passing of the time, the same term became a term of appraisal.


There are certain characteristics of the metaphysical poetry. The chief of them are as under:-

·       Conscious Attempt – All the metaphysical poets made a conscious attempt to differ from the poetry of former poets. They tried to differ in both matter and manner. They wanted to establish their unique identity as poets.

·       Display of Scholarship – All the metaphysical poets were university graduates, men of learning and wit. It was to display their knowledge that they tried to differ from the former poets.

·       Far – fetched Images - The metaphysical poets are well- known for their choice of distant images and conceits in the writing of poems. They selected their images from the fields like engineering, history, biology, geometry and many other fields. Andrew Marvell made extensive use of geometrical and agricultural images in his poems. George Herbert used images from the field of Engineering. John Donne made use of biological images for the writing of his poems.

·       Scholarship and Musicality- Dr.Johnson mentions that the metaphysical poetry stood at a trial of their finger, but not of their ear. They failed in creating music in their poetry. There is no presence of rhyme and rhythm.

★
In our syllabus of M.A (Semester 1), the metaphysical poetry of John Donne was included.

INTRODUCTION:

 John Donne is the leader and founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry. His poetry is a revolt against the popular current. First of all Dryden used the term ' Metaphysical' for Donne's poetry. He said,' Donne affects the metaphysics'. Later on Dr. Johnson called Donne and his followers 'the metaphysical poets'. Since then the word metaphysical has been used for Donne and his followers .

List of poems :-

1.) Sweetest Love

2.) The Sun Rising

3.) Death be not Proud

4.) The Flea

5.) Dream

6.) Ecstasy

My Last Duchess 

By Robert Browning 

Here is original poem

FERRARA

That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall, 

Looking as if she were alive. I call 

That piece a wonder, now; Fra Pandolf’s hands 

Worked busily a day, and there she stands. 

Will’t please you sit and look at her? I said 

“Fra Pandolf” by design, for never read 

Strangers like you that pictured countenance, 

The depth and passion of its earnest glance, 

But to myself they turned (since none puts by 

The curtain I have drawn for you, but I) 

And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst, 

How such a glance came there; so, not the first 

Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, ’twas not 

Her husband’s presence only, called that spot 

Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek; perhaps 

Fra Pandolf chanced to say, “Her mantle laps 

Over my lady’s wrist too much,” or “Paint 

Must never hope to reproduce the faint 

Half-flush that dies along her throat.” Such stuff 

Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough 

For calling up that spot of joy. She had 

A heart—how shall I say?— too soon made glad, 

Too easily impressed; she liked whate’er 

She looked on, and her looks went everywhere. 

Sir, ’twas all one! My favour at her breast, 

The dropping of the daylight in the West, 

The bough of cherries some officious fool 

Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule 

She rode with round the terrace—all and each 

Would draw from her alike the approving speech, 

Or blush, at least. She thanked men—good! but thanked 

Somehow—I know not how—as if she ranked 

My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name 

With anybody’s gift. Who’d stoop to blame 

This sort of trifling? Even had you skill 

In speech—which I have not—to make your will 

Quite clear to such an one, and say, “Just this 

Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss, 

Or there exceed the mark”—and if she let 

Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set 

Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse— 

E’en then would be some stooping; and I choose 

Never to stoop. Oh, sir, she smiled, no doubt, 

Whene’er I passed her; but who passed without 

Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands; 

Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands 

As if alive. Will’t please you rise? We’ll meet 

The company below, then. I repeat, 

The Count your master’s known munificence 

Is ample warrant that no just pretense 

Of mine for dowry will be disallowed; 

Though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowed 

At starting, is my object. Nay, we’ll go 

Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though, 

Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity, 

Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me .

According to my reading 

This poem is loosely based on historical events involving Alfonso, the Duke of Ferrara, who lived in the 16th century. The Duke is the speaker of the poem, and tells us he is entertaining ambassadors who have come to discuss the Duke’s next marriage to the daughter of another powerful family. As he shows the visitor through his palace, he stops before a portrait of the late Duchess, apparently a young and lovely girl. The Duke begins recollecting about the portrait sessions, then about the Duchess herself. He claims she flirted with everyone and did not appreciate his “gift of a nine-hundred-years- old name.” 

As the poem continues, the reader realizes that the Duke in fact caused the Duchess’s early death: when her behavior becomes worse. After showing the portrait, the Duke talks about the arrangement of another marriage, with another young girl. As the Duke and the ambassadors walk leave the painting behind, the Duke points out other notable artworks in his collection.

The speaker in the poem is likely Alfonso II d'Este, the fifth Duke of Ferrara (1533–1598), who, at the age of 25, married Lucrezia di Cosimo de' Medici, the 14-year-old daughter of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleonora di Toledo. Lucrezia was not well educated but She came with a handsome dowry, and the couple married in 1558. He then abandoned her for two years before she died on 21 April 1561, at age 17. There was a strong suspicion of poisoning. The Duke then asked for the hand of Barbara, eighth daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary and the sister of the Count ofTyrol, Ferdinand II. The portrait was painted by Fra Pandolf, a monk and painter whom the duke believes captured the singularity of the duchess's glance. However, the duke insists to the ambassadors that his former wife’s deep, passionate looks were not reserved only for her husband. She was too easily impressed into sharing her friendly nature.

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The portrait that you are watching above is regarded as the same portrait that the duke had shown to the ambassadors.